陶氏杜邦集团推出的新型压裂水处理体术填补了低温处理的空白！
编译 | 惊蛰
为满足日益增长的能源需求，北美寒冷地区的水力压裂作业量正逐步增加，更严苛的温度与环境条件仍然是一个挑战。
陶氏微生物控制公司是陶氏杜邦集团旗下的子公司，该公司推出了两款耐低温的压裂水处理新产品，分别为：AQUCAR TN 250 LT与AQUCAR 7140 LT水处理杀菌剂，同属于该公司的AQUCAR水处理杀菌剂系列。上述微生物控制产品均已获得美国环境保护署批准使用。
杜邦生物科学的Joe Ferrara说：“页岩盆地的开采在一定程度上依赖于周围环境。随着石油需求的增加，业内更加渴求能够在极端温度下发挥作用的杀菌剂产品。我们的新型杀菌剂中加入了甲醇，可耐低温，帮助作业者将微生物控制范围扩大到-40℉，还拥有其他许多优势。”
寒冷环境有效
AQUCAR7140 LT水处理杀菌剂专为满足寒冷气候的需求而设计，可在各种条件下高效控制棘手采出水伴生微生物。戊二醛-季铵化合物的混合物可在宽泛的温度与PH值范围内有效，并且当温度低至-40℉，仍不会冻结。该杀菌剂可与大多数压裂液添加剂兼容，还可有效控制粘泥形成细菌与硫酸盐还原菌，提高作业的可持续性。
Ferrara表示：“无论是井口还是井下，戊二醛已被证明是最通用的杀菌剂之一。在水力压裂液的制备与净化阶段效果显著，短期内可作为一种保护性杀菌剂。然而，当与季铵化合物（如ADBAC）结合使用时，它的杀菌速度会显著提高。AQUCAR 7140 LT的协同组合在控制细菌方面非常有效，适合于大多数油气应用的不同需求。”
AQUCAR 714水处理杀菌剂是戊二醛与季铵的水溶液混合物。它可用于水冷却塔、空气洗涤器、巴氏杀菌机以及其他循环水系统，有效的控制粘泥形成细菌与硫酸盐还原菌以及藻类。
评估抗微生物化合物的功效通常都是依赖于测量自由漂浮（浮游）微生物的清除率。然而，近年来，业界已经将目光转向于吸附微生物的效果上，会产生称为生物污垢的沉积物类型。这些沉积物不仅含有微生物菌落，而且含有细胞副产品，夹带碎片以及无机物的组合。由于流体摩擦阻力的增加，生物膜在配水系统中会造成显著的能量损失。在传热设备中，生物膜会降低热传导效率。在好氧与厌氧条件下，都可能发生微生物污染，从而加速金属的腐蚀以及木材的变质过程。
水处理中，AQUCAR 714在控制微生物方面展现出卓越的效果，抑制了污垢和/或微生物造成的腐蚀问题。在好氧系统(如循环冷却塔)与厌氧系统(硫酸盐还原细菌引起腐蚀)中，该杀菌剂已经证明了其功效。现场与实验室数据证实了AQUCAR 714水处理杀菌剂既能穿透生物膜，又能破坏“受保护”的微生物细胞。除了杀灭微生物外，AQUCAR 714水处理杀菌剂似乎还能加速生物膜内细胞的侵蚀速度。当利用AQUCAR 714水处理杀菌剂对被污染的系统进行有效处理时，从系统中清除了生物膜。结果，该系统运行效率更高，大大降低了设备的腐蚀速率。
相比于常规手段，这两种技术的应用优势包括：1、能够清除已形成的生物膜，并抑制其再生；2、适用范围广，可杀灭有氧与厌氧微生物以及藻类；3、与大多数常用的水垢与腐蚀抑制剂以及分散剂在化学上相容；4、减少固着微生物的数量，它们会造成腐蚀并降低热交换效率；5、在宽泛的pH值与温度范围内有效；6、不起泡，可溶于水。
实现高效完井
新型AQUCAR TN 250 LT水处理微生物杀灭剂是一种杀菌剂，设计可在储层条件下控制细菌长达数月之久，并且在冬季使用时，可将凝固点降低至-40°F温度以下。当与戊二醛或季铵化合物共混时，该溶液与高温、高盐度、压裂液添加剂以及地下岩石基质都具有良好的相容性，有助于减少和延缓酸化、微生物引起的腐蚀、生物淤积与堵塞的影响。该产品还有助于减少污染的返排液与产出水的数量。
AQUCAR GA 25水处理杀菌剂在范围广泛的pH值与温度条件下有效，是含有25％活性成分的戊二醛水溶液。它非常适用于注水用水/钻井液/完井液/修井液与压裂液/产出水/油气输送管线/储气井以及碳氢化合物储存设施/生产井等。
As hydraulic fracturing activity ramps up in colder locations across the United States to meet growing energy demand, harsher temperatures and environmental conditions remain a challenge.
Providing the market with a cold-weather solution, Dow Microbial Control, a business unit of DowDuPont Specialty Products, has launched two new products within its AQUCAR? Water Treatment Microbiocides portfolio: AQUCAR? TN 250 LT Water Treatment Microbiocide and AQUCAR? 7140 LT Water Treatment Microbiocide.
“Shale basins are dependent, in part, on their surrounding environment. As demand for oil increases in the Canada, Bakken and Marcellus Basins, so has the need for biocide products that can perform under extreme temperatures,” said Joe Ferrara, global industry leader for energy and water at DuPont Industrial Biosciences. “Our new biocides – winterised with methanol – help operators extend microbial control down to negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit, with a host of additional benefits.”
A Cost-Effective Formulation for Cold-Weather Regions
Engineered to meet the demands of cold climates, AQUCAR? 7140 LT Water Treatment Microbiocide is highly effective in controlling problematic microorganisms across a variety of conditions. The glutaraldehyde-ADBAC blend is efficacious over a broad temperature and pH range, and resists freezing at temperatures as low as -40° Fahrenheit. Compatible with most fracturing fluid additives, the biocide is effective in controlling slime-forming and sulfate-reducing varieties of bacteria, and helps enhance operational sustainability.
“From topside to downhole, glutaraldehyde has proved to be one of the most versatile biocides available – efficacious in the preparation and decontamination hydraulic fracturing phases – with short-term effectiveness as a protective biocide. However, when combined with a quaternary ammonium, like ADBAC, its performance sees a noticeable increase in speed of kill,” said Ferrara. “AQUCAR 7140 LT’s synergistic combination is highly effective in controlling bacteria and is ideally-suited to meet the diverse demands of most oil and gas applications.”
AQUCAR? 714 Water Treatment Microbiocide is an aqueous blend of glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium. It is especially effective in controlling slime-forming bacteria, sulfatereducing bacteria and algae in water cooling towers, air washers, pasteurizers, and other recirculating water systems.
The evaluation of antimicrobial compounds has traditionally relied on measurements of efficacy against free-floating (planktonic) microorganisms. However, attention in recent years has begun to focus on the effects of microorganisms which adhere to surfaces, giving rise to types of deposits known as biofouling. These deposits contain not only colonies of microorganisms, but also a combination of cellular by-products, entrained debris, and inorganic materials. Biofilms can cause significant energy losses in water distribution systems as a result of increased fluid frictional resistance. In heat transfer equipment, biofilms can decrease heat transfer efficiency. Microbial fouling can occur under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and can accelerate corrosion of metals and deterioration processes in wood.
AQUCAR? 714 Water Treatment Microbiocide has shown substantial effectiveness in controlling microorganisms in water-handling systems where fouling and/or microbially influenced corrosion present problems. This utility has been demonstrated in both aerobic systems, such as recirculating cooling towers, and anaerobic systems, where sulfatereducing bacteria cause corrosion. Combined field and laboratory data have substantiated the ability of AQUCAR 714 Water Treatment Microbiocide to both penetrate biofilms and destroy “protected” microbial cells. In addition to killing microorganisms, AQUCAR 714 Water Treatment Microbiocide appears to accelerate the erosion rate of cells from the biofilm. When fouled systems are effectively treated with AQUCAR 714 Water Treatment Microbiocide, biofilms are removed from the system. As a result, the systems operate more efficiently and corrosion rates are significantly reduced.
Used In:
- Water cooling towers
- Air washers
- Pasteurizers
- Other recirculating water systems
Advantages:
- Ability to remove established biofilm and inhibit regrowth
- Broad spectrum of activity – kills aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and algae
- Chemically compatible with most common scale and corrosion inhibitors and dispersants
- Reduces populations of sessile microorganisms known to cause corrosion and reduce heat exchange efficiency
- Effective over a broad pH and temperature range
- Non-foaming and water-soluble
A Trusted Product for Efficient Well Completions
New AQUCAR? TN 250 LT Water Treatment Microbiocide is an antimicrobial agent designed to control bacteria under reservoir conditions for months, and is winterised to minimise freezing at temperatures as low as -40° Fahrenheit. When co-dosed with glutaraldehyde or DBNPA, the solution provides excellent compatibility with high temperatures, high salinity, fracturing fluid additives and sub-surface rock matrix, and helps minimise and delay the impact of souring, microbial induced corrosion, biofouling and plugging. The product also helps reduce amounts of contaminated flowback and produced water.
Effective over a wide range of pH and temperature conditions, AQUCAR? GA 25 Water Treatment Microbiocide is an aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde containing 25% active ingredient. It is well-suited for water flood injection water; drilling, completion, workover and fracturing fluids; produced waters; oil and gas transmission lines; gas storage wells and hydrocarbon storage facilities; production wells; paper mills and paper mill process water systems; and pigments and filler slurries for paper and paperboard.
Used In:
- Water flood injection water
- Drilling, completion, workover and fracturing fluids
- Produced waters
- Oil and gas transmission lines
- Gas storage wells and hydrocarbon storage facilities
- Production wells
- Paper mills and paper mill process water systems
- Pigments and filler slurries for paper and paperboard
- Water-based coatings
Advantages:
- Broad-spectrum microbiocide that kills bacteria, yeast and mold
- Extremely fast-acting
- Non-surface active and non-foaming
- Effective against aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, including sulfate-reducing bacteria
Both microbial control products are approved for use by the US Environmental Protection Agency, with additional registrations underway.