全新的油田化学品监测工具集成了多种功能，可以帮助开发商优化资产收益！

编译 | 惊蛰

ProStream监控工具通过实时测量油田化学品、设备以及处理流程，为开发商与服务公司提供资产管理所需的作业数据。利用其可以持续监测油井、动力以及管道的性能变化，识别系统对化学剂量的反应，并准确识别不同管理模式的效果。最重要的是，ProStream能够自动调整管理制度与服务，以确保最大限度地提高资产盈利能力，降低投入并延长资产寿命。

尽管油田流体具有化学性质多变特性，但几十年来，油气行业仍然一直沿用固定的化学品应用方案。这会降低化学药剂与资产管理方案的效率，进而影响油井产量与设备寿命。ReStream公司的ProStream流体监测软件套件集成了先进技术与独有软件/硬件产品，为开发商提供实时现场流体化学与动态监测，并可使化学品应用过程自动化。

智能机器：ProStream系统利用云端的数据管理与分析工具来监控本地、区域以及油藏层面的资产。实时采集、评估这些数据，ProStream系统可以最大限度地持续提高系统的效率与盈利能力。

远程监测：ProStream系统具有板载的调制解调器与卫星通信功能。系统收集的所有数据都被连续传输至ReStream服务器。然后，进一步分析，将结果显示在客户定制的用户界面上。

实时分析：ProStream系统实时监控流体化学与动力学，识别流体中的潜在问题，并自动添加解决这些问题所需的必要化学成分。

耐用设计：ProStream系统可在最恶劣的油田环境中运行，并能够可靠地监测污染严重的油田流体。该系统可部署于1级别2区、1级别1区的危险环境，并且可运行于高压作业环境。

ProStream流体监测工作能力覆盖上游业务：管理钻井、压裂、完井、返排、油田生产的化学品，流量保障以及油井监测；油气输送：当各种流体被注入管道并混合时，确定可疑状况的时间与地点；下游：腐蚀管理，工艺优化，法规遵从以及延长设备使用寿命。

能够帮助开发商实现以下目标：1、监测钻井液、压裂液与产出液，以实现实时的数据采集与控制；2、确定油田化学问题的来源与类型；3、监测油井性能，评估化学处理剂的有效性，并控制腐蚀；4、可集成到现有的下游设施中，以优化作业效率。

ReStream利用流体辨别技术，能够准确表征流体特征并识别潜在问题。由于实时记录流体的化学性质与流变性，因此ReStream软件套件可识别出流体的变化趋势，并判别流体对化学品不同应用方式的反应。基于产出液的化学性质以及各种技术之间的解析关系，ReStream可辨别井下与管道中的情况。还可建立基线情况，用于识别不同应用措施引起的变化。ReStream独有的分析传感器套件采用复合度量分析，以帮助用户跟踪与防范多种潜在风险。

腐蚀：由化学或电化学反应引起的金属损失，最终会破坏整体完整性。无论是在井底还是在地面管线与设备中，腐蚀可能发生在采油系统的每个角落。腐蚀速率将随时间而变化，这取决于油田的特定条件，如产水量、二次采油作业以及压力变化。

硫化氢：硫化氢对现场作业人员有害，并且在相对较低的浓度下暴露几秒钟可能都会致人死命，暴露于更低的浓度也可会给现场人员带来伤害。硫化氢还能引起金属的硫化物应力腐蚀开裂。由于它具有腐蚀性，开采它可能需要昂贵的特殊生产设备，如不锈钢油管。采用适当的硫化物清除剂来处理水基泥浆或油基泥浆，可使硫化物析出沉淀且不产生危害。

细菌：SRB是一种常见的厌氧细菌，会对作业产生不利影响，降低开发商收益。泥浆中通常含有SRB，硫化物含量高。在储存泥浆之前，杀菌剂可以抑制SRB的生长。而且，循环泥浆时常带有空气，会阻碍厌氧条件的产生。厌氧细菌可以将水处理设施中存在的硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐转化为硫化氢。这种副产品与铁结合，可以形成硫化铁，这是一种很难去除的垢。SRB天然存在于地表水中，包括海水。细菌的积聚会导致钢的点蚀，硫化氢的积累会增加水的腐蚀性，从而增加氢起泡或硫化物应力开裂的可能性。

结垢：当产出水的饱和度受到温度、压力条件变化的影响时，可能会在井内管柱与组件上生成矿盐沉积。在恶劣的条件下，水垢会给生产油管造成很大的通径限制，甚至造成堵塞。除垢是一种常见的油井干预作业，有多种机械、化学以及阻垢剂处理方法可供选择。

沥青质石蜡水合物：由于生产系统内温度与压力的变化，碳氢化合物经常会沉积在采油组件上。重质链烷烃以蜡状物质形式存在，可能在完井组件上堆积，如果严重的话，可能会限制原油产量。石蜡通常存在于靠近地面的油管中。然而，它形成于射孔处，或甚至形成于地层内部，特别是衰竭储层或循环注气的储层。

The ProStream monitoring tool provides E&P’s and service companies the actionable data needed to manage assets by measuring oilfield chemistries, equipment, and processes in real time. It continuously monitors well, battery and pipeline performance, identifies system response to chemistry dosage, and accurately identifies the response from different management profiles. Best of all, it automatically adjusts management regimes and servicing to demonstrably maximize asset profitability, decrease LOE and increase asset longevity.

Accuracy. Efficiency. Accessibility.

For decades, fixed-rate chemical application programs have been applied to oilfield fluids with fluctuating chemistries. This approach leads to inefficient chemical dosing and asset management schemes, which impact well production and equipment longevity. Leveraging advances in technology, and through the integration of proprietary software/hardware offerings, the ReStream Solutions ProStream Fluid monitoring package provides operators with real-time, on-site fluid chemistry and dynamics monitoring, and automates the chemical application process.

SMART MACHINES

ProStream systems utilize cloud-based data management and analysis tools to monitor assets at a local, geographic and reservoir level. The real-time acquisition and evaluation of this data allows ProStream systems to continuously maximize system efficiency and profitability.

REMOTE MONITORING

ProStream systems feature on-board cell modem and SATCOM communication capability. All data collected by the systems is continuously streamed to ReStream servers where it is further ana

REAL-TIME ANALYTICS

ProStream systems monitor fluid chemistries and dynamics in real-time,?identify potentially problematic conditions within the fluid, and automatically apply the necessary chemistry required to address those problems.

ROBUST DESIGNS

ProStream systems are built to operate in the harshest oilfield environments and monitor highly contaminated oilfield fluids reliably. ProStream systems can be deployed in Class 1 Div 2, Class 1 Div 1 environments, and can operate in high pressure environments.

UpStream

Management of drilling, frac, completion, flowback, and production chemistries, flow assurance, and well monitoring

MidStream

Identification of when and where problematic conditions exist as various fluids are pushed into pipeline and comingled

DownStream

Management of corrosion, process optimization, regulatory compliance, and equipment longevity

• Monitors drilling fluids, frac fluids and production fluids for real-time data acquisition and control
• Identifies the source and type of oilfield chemistry problems
• Monitors well performance, evaluates chemical treatment effectiveness, and controls corrosion
• Integrates into existing downstream facilities to optimize process efficiencies

Fluid Fingerprinting Software：Production Fluid Monitoring

Fluid fingerprinting is what allows ReStream to accurately characterize fluid properties and mitigate potential problems. As fluid chemistries and dynamics are recorded in real-time, the ReStream software package identifies fluid trends and identifies fluid response to chemical application regimes. The production chemistry values and analytic relationships across technologies allow for the fingerprinting of down-hole and pipeline conditions. This fingerprinting allows for the establishment of baseline conditions, and identification of changes resulting from different applied stimuli.

ReStream’s proprietary suite of analytical sensors applies composite metric analysis in order to help track and protect against:

Corrosion

The loss of metal due to chemical or electrochemical reactions, which could eventually destroy a structure. Corrosion can occur anywhere in the production system, either at bottom hole or in surface lines and equipment. The corrosion rate will vary with time depending on the particular conditions of the oil field, such as the amount of water produced, secondary recovery operations and pressure variations.

Hydrogen Sulfide

An extraordinarily poisonous gas with a molecular formula of H2S. At low concentrations, H2S has the odor of rotten eggs, but at higher, lethal concentrations, it is odorless. H2S is hazardous to workers and a few seconds of exposure at relatively low concentrations can be lethal, but exposure to lower concentrations can also be harmful. H2S can cause sulfide-stress-corrosion cracking of metals. Because it is corrosive, H2S production may require costly special production equipment such as stainless steel tubing. Sulfides can be precipitated harmlessly from water muds or oil muds by treatments with the proper sulfide scavenger.

Bacteria

A common anaerobic bacterium, commonly abbreviated SRB, that can convert sulfate ions, SO4-2, into S-2 and HS-, with the concomitant oxidation of a carbon source. The lignite, lignin, tannins, cellulose, starches and fatty acids found in many mud systems are carbon food sources for SRB. Where mud is stored, precautions should always be taken when handling or reconditioning water muds containing lignosulfonates, gypsum (sulfate sources) and starches, cellulose, xanthan gum and lignite (food sources). These muds can harbor SRB and can have high sulfide accumulations. Mud filtrate should be tested with the Garrett Gas Train to determine sulfide concentration in a stored mud, followed by treatments with caustic soda to raise pH and zinc-based scavengers to remove sulfides as ZnS. Before storage of mud, treatment with a bactericide can inhibit SRB growth. Also, circulating mud from time to time, with air entrainment, can retard development of anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic bacteria can convert the sulfate or sulfite present in water handling facilities to hydrogen sulfide [H2S]. This by-product, combined with iron, can form iron sulfide, a scale that is very difficult to remove. SRB occur naturally in surface waters, including seawater. Bacteria accumulation can lead to pitting of steel, and the buildup of H2S increases the corrosiveness of the water, thus increasing the possibility of hydrogen blistering or sulfide stress cracking.

Scaling

A mineral salt deposit that may occur on wellbore tubulars and components as the saturation of produced water is affected by changing temperature andpressure conditions in the production conduit. In severe conditions, scale creates a significant restriction, or even a plug, in the production tubing. Scale removal is a common well-intervention operation, with a wide range of mechanical, chemical and scale inhibitor treatment options available.

Asphaltenes Paraffins Hydrates

A hydrocarbon compound that often precipitates on production components as a result of the changing temperatures and pressures within the production system. Heavy paraffins occur as wax-like substances that may build up on the completion components and may, if severe, restrict production. Paraffin is normally found in the tubing close to surface. Nevertheless, it can form at the perforations, or even inside the formation, especially in depleted reservoirs or reservoirs under gas-cycling conditions.